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24 Hour Child Care: This definition is problem-focused, emphasizing prevention and remedy. It recognizes the value of strengthening a child's own home where possible. Where this is not possible, a variety of substitute living situations is provided.
Child welfare services are directed to the social problem of deprivation of parental care. As the accompanying chart illustrates, they are designed to help with society's child-rearing task in three important ways: (1) to substitute for parental care either partially or wholly according to a child's individual needs; (2) to supplement the care that a child receives, or to compensate for certain inadequacies or limitations in parental care; and (3) to support or reinforce the ability of parents to meet their children's needs.
Service designed to substitute for natural parental care, either partially or completely, is still the predominant child welfare service. Of the total number of children receiving child welfare services in the United States, more than half are receiving service away from their own homes and their own families.
Substitute care programs include foster family care, institutional care, and adoption.
The major types of supplementary care are day care and homemaka service. Day care is a method of supplementing parental functioning by providing care and training opportunities for children during some part of the 24 hour child care-hour day. As with full-time foster care, a number of metiiods, kinds of settings, or types of program have been developed. One of the most widespread programs is family day care, individual care and "mothering" in the warmth and safety of a normal family home. In the United States family day care is viewed as most suitable for babies or very young children whose own mothers' must work and whose developmental needs require this kind of individual attention and continuity of relationship to one substitute mother person.
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