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Animal Disease: The severity and duration of the disease vary greatly. Symptoms may be so mild as to go unnoticed by the casual observer. In severe cases the animal usually becomes thin, and the pulse and breathing rate increase. As the disease progresses, there is drooling from the mouth, discharge of mucus from the nostrils, and increasing weakness. The disease is most severe in mature cattle, and as many as 50% of the affected animals have died in some outbreaks.
Of the world's three most notorious endemic animal diseases (contagious bovine pleu-ropneumonia, rinderpest, and foot-and-mouth disease), FMD is the most controversial and has produced the greatest international tension. At the heart of this tension is the choice of approaches to the disease: vaccination or eradication. Until worldwide control of the disease is feasible, only the countries that enjoy affluence or geographic insularity can hope to eliminate the disease. The countries that were FMD-free as of March 1968 were the United States, Canada, Mexico, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, and Japan. Other nations must live with varying incidence of FMD, attempting control by vaccination of their more valued animals.
Like other bloodsucking insects, female flies can spread disease, and they are know transmit anthrax, tularemia, and surra. I when they do not spread disease, their bites painful, and the flies may remove enough b to lower an animal's vitality. The male horse unlike the female, feeds mainly on nectar plant sap.
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