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Grants Money Damages: Scots law grants money damages by way of solatium for wounded feelings, as, for example, physical pain and suffering, or grief resulting from bereavement, or affront to the personality due to insult. Thus slander in Scotland is actionable, though there is no publication to a third party.
Grants from the U. S. government to states started in 1887 with funds for agricultural experiment stations at land-grant colleges. The first federal aid to states for highways was granted in 1916 under the Rural Post Roads Act. Public assistance and welfare grants had their inception in the Great Depression of the 1930's and the Social Security Act of 1935.
Grants-in-aid have been popular in the British Commonwealth.
Help to underfinanced institutions also came from another source. Early in 1967 the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation awarded the largest single appropriation in its 32 years to 20 small colleges to help them compete with the endowments and the federal largesse of the larger universities in the quest of high-quality faculty. Although it agreed that even this large transfusion was only a token attack on the massive problem of science in the small college, the Sloan Foundation hoped that the grants would also serve as an object lesson for alumni, by demonstrating how a relatively small amount of money in a single institution could be used to elevate its science faculty to the level where it could hope to qualify for project grants.
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