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Growth Hormone: A deficiency of growth hormone during infancy results in the development of a dwarf; these individuals are not deformed and are normal in intelligence and sexual development. An excessive production of growth hormone during infancy or childhood will lead to the development of a giant. When growth hormone begins to be produced in excessive quantities after normal growth has stopped, only the hands, feet, and chin enlarge; this condition is known as acromegaly (q. v.).
Growth hormone, which is a protein, has been obtained in pure form from a variety of animals, including man. Human growth hormone has a molecular weight of about 21,500 and consists of about 200 amino acid residues. Growth hormone from monkeys has a molecular weight of about 25,000, while that from cattle, sheep, pigs, and whales has a molecular weight of 40,-000 or more. Growth hormone from one species is sometimes effective in another species—for example, hormone from monkeys is active in humans, and vice versa; but hormones from other animals have no effect in either monkeys or humans. However, rats respond to growth hormone from monkeys, humans, pigs, sheep, and cattle.
GROWTH HORMONE, or somatotrophin (STH), is a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland. Its major action is a generalized stimulation of skeletal growth. However, it is also known to affect the growth of other tissues; to be important in fat, protein, and carbohydrate metabolism; and to enhance the effects of various other hormones.
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