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Health Care: A health manpower report prepared by the National Commission of Community Health Services showed that the U.S. hospitals and health organizations were maintaining the ratio of 150 doctors per 100,000 population only by filling out one-fifth of their needs with physicians from other countries. The demand for health care had also created serious shortages of nurses and other paramedical personnel. Among the solutions being suggested were new methods of health care organization and government support for new or expanded education programs in the health sciences.
The most widespread medical association is the Blue Shield association. Typically, if an insured person has an income below a certain level the physicians and surgeons will provide care for just the amount given by the association. For other persons the surgeon may charge what he likes, and the Blue Shield will pay a certain amount that varies according to the surgical procedure.
Some organizations, the largest of which are labor unions, provide direct health care for their members. About 60 health centers in the United States are owned and operated by labor unions. Community-wide groups of physicians and bos-Eitals also undertake to provide all health care jr members of a group.
Other news of medicine during 1967 and early 1968 reflected a radically changed conception of the practice of medicine in the U.S. The objective was no longer merely the care of the sick but the maintenance of health and the enhancement of the quality of life, not just for individuals but for all of society.
Like all such changes this one was attended by severe growing pains, among them rapidly increasing costs for professional services, an even steeper rise in costs of hospitalization, and a growing lack of physicians and other health personnel qualified to provide comprehensive care. (See Year in Review: PUBLIC HEALTH AND HYGIENE.)
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