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House Of Burgesses: Throughout the English Civil War Virginians remained loyal to the Cavalier cause, recognized Charles II as king in 1649, and welcomed hundreds of Royalists who fled from England. Oliver Cromwell dispatched a fleet to subdue Virginia, but no conflict ensued, and liberal terms of surrender were granted in 1652. During England's Commonwealth period (1652-1659), government was in the hands of the lower house of the General Assembly, the House of Burgesses.
HARRISON, Benjamin (c. 1726-1791), American political leader, who was a signer of the Declaration of Independence. He was born and brought up at the Harrison family seat, Berkeley, in Charles City county, Va., and attended William and Mary College. A longtime member of the Virginia House of Burgesses, he was chosen a delegate to the First and Second Continental Congresses (1774—1777). He often served as chairman of the whole house and in that capacity presided over the debates when the Declaration was reported.
From 1752 to 1754 he was in London defending the House of Burgesses against Governor Robert Dinwiddie in the crucial dispute over the charging of the fee of a pistole on every land patent. Although staunchly opposed to the Stamp Act, the moderate Randolph criticized Patrick Henry's famous attack on the tax as illogical and intemperate. Nevertheless, he was a very popular Virginia patriot, was elected speaker of the House (1766-1775) and chairman of the first three Virginia conventions (q.v., 1774—1775), and served as president of both the First and the Second Continental congresses.
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