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Inherited Disease: Muscular dystrophy is another: it is a disorder believed to be an inherited abnormality in the chemistry of the body resulting in a degeneration of the muscle cells. As described by Francis H. C. Crick in the feature article "The Language of Life," sickle-cell anemia is an inherited disease of the blood that affects the chemical composition of the hemoglobin in red blood cells. Hemophilia, another inherited blood disease, is characterized by the inability of the blood to clot properly. The "bleeder's disease," as hemophilia has been popularly called, has run through many of the royal families of Europe, including among its victims the young son of the last czar of Russia.
People display differing degrees of susceptibility to such other diseases as diphtheria, diabetes, and cancer. Certain kinds of cancsr, for example, seem to be more prevalent in some families than in others, but direct in-heritability has so far been demonstrated only in certain rare types. A "genetic predisposition to many of the psychosomatic diseases" has also been demonstrated (23, p. 79, 1955). Individual differences in susceptibility may be accounted for in part by environmental factors such as conditions causing emotional stress and strain, and in part by structural weakness, certain types of inherited constitution, and predisposition to the disease. For actual contraction of these diseases, there must be both susceptibility and exposure to the infectious agent and/or the environmental pressures. From the field of animal experimentation has come evidence that mice known to have inherited suscept'1 ility to Cancer do not develop this disease when environmental conditions are properly controlled.
Mycoplasmosis is a respiratory disease caused y the bacteria Mycoplasma gallisepticum. It is Iso known as air sac disease or chronic respira-jry disease. Those affected with the disease may how nasal discharge, watery eyes, and respira-)ry difficulty. This disease is often associated /ith other respiratory diseases. It is transmitted hiefly from infected hens to their chicks through le eggs. The disease can also be transmitted by ontact with infected individuals, but it spreads ery slowly in this manner. The disease can best e controlled by maintaining breeding flocks free f the disease by strict measures of isolation and mitation. Chicks hatched from such flocks can egin life free of the disease.
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