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Kidney Disease Glomerulonephritis: Immunological studies also revealed how streptococcus and other agents might cause the kidney disease glomerulonephritis. An autoimmune mechanism was found to cause antibodies to react with the patient's glomerular Basement membrane to produce the typical kidney lesion. In other cases, the disease was the result of the failure of the patient's antibodies to act on antigens (substances that stimulate the production of antibodies).
Landmarks in the use of .antigens for beneficial purposes included an immunization technique to prevent erythroblastosis fetalis (see BREAKTHROUGH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES), and successful vaccines for measles, mumps, and group-A streptococci.
To prevent the spread of the infection to young chicks, they should be isolated from older hens during the rearing period. No effective control method has been developed; breeding stock resistant to the disease may eventually be the most effective means of control.Lymphoid leukosis is another disease characterized by the development of tumors in many organs of the body. It is also known as visceral lymphomatosis. The liver, spleen, heart, ovary,kidney, and intestine are often affected. In contrast to Marek's disease, lymphoid leukosis is most often observed in mature birds. This disease is also probably caused by a virus. The agent can be transferred from the hen to the chick through the egg. No effective control measures are known.
Therefore, these organs await the same scientific and technical advances that will enhance essential organ grafting.
The future promises great possibilities in the nonessential organ area. Cure of glandular deficiencies by relatively minor surgery awaits Tissue matching and organ storage. Crippling cretinism, diabetic blindness, gangrene, kidney failure, and even sterility may bow before the simple expedient of transplantation.
Whether he wants to or not, the doctor is being forced to accept a large share of the responsibility for the social judgments surrounding such basic factors as who shall survive, whose life will be spared by using an artificial organ or by doing a transplantation. Current estimates indicate that about 90,000 persons a year die of kidney disease. Each kidney transplant operation costs approximately $20,000. Assuming each person could afford it, who among the 90,000 should be selected to receive the relatively few kidneys that are available for transplant purposes?
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