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Mental Growth Does: Mass investigations on the basis of age norms, however, have indicated only a slight relation between the mental and physical status of children. A spurt in mental growth does not appear to parallel the preadolescent spurt in physical growth. The pattern of mental development is similar in boys and girls, despite the difference in their rates of physical maturing.
Abernethy (1, 1936) called attention to the rather low correlations between mental and physical measures, becoming still smaller after age fourteen or fifteen. Of the various measures studied, standing height was most closely related to intelligence. However, individual case studies reported by Millard and Rothney (106, 1957) show rather similar spurts in height, weight, mental age, and achievement patterns. Exceptions occur, of course, but more synchronization of different aspects of growth is evident in the case studies than in the mass investigations.
One of the most exciting advances in nutrition was the greater recognition of the relationship between good nutrition and mental and physical development. It had been proven that nutritional deficiency early in the life cycle, even before birth, could cause permanent retardation of mental development and learning behavior. Equally impressive was the finding that inadequate diets fed to pregnant animals adversely affect not only the rate of growth of the offspring but also their ultimate size, even when the offspring receive normal diets from the time of birth. These studies had far-reaching practical implications for human societies of the future.
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