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Output Of Milk: An index for the increase in the dairy herd is the output of milk—1.7 million gallons in 1946 and 2.5 million gallons in 1963-1967. Annual milk yields per cow increased in the same period from about 550 gallons to 803 gallons. Simultaneously the output of beef and veal rose from 537,000 tons to 919,000 tons.
Italy, the Netherlands, Denmark, and the USSR. Production in Oceania is about equally divided between Australia and New Zealand.
Although some countries have had problems of milk surplus from time to time, the total world production in the mid-1960's has not been enough to provide each person in the world with a pint of milk a day. Milk production in western Europe, North America, and Oceania accounts for '55% of the world output, but these regions have only about 20% of the world's population. The less developed countries, such as those in Latin America, Africa, and Asia, have more than 60% of the world's population, but they only produce 20% of the world's milk.
All cheese starts as milk, but the milk may be sweet whole milk, a combination of sweet and sour milk, or a mixture of whole and skim milk. The first step in making cheese is to separate the whey (the liquid portion of the milk) from the curd (the solid particles). When milk is slightly sour, this may be done by placing the milk over very low heat for several hours. In modern manufacture, a culture of lactic acid-producing bacteria is added to sweet milk to cause the separation, and sometimes a combination of heat plus the culture and an extract of rennet may be used.
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