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Roman Family Gave: Paternal Pozver.—The patriarchal organization of the Roman family gave its head an unrestricted power (patria potestas) over all other members of the family, a power of life and death. Ordinarily no member of the family could have property of his own; all acquisitions made by family members belonged to the father. Remedies against cruelty or arbitrariness of the father were a family council, which he consulted before taking a drastic measure against a person under his power, an official blame by the censors, and later a complaint with the competent authority.
The purpose of this college was to educate German priests in order that they might restore the Roman Catholic religion in Germany. Gregory also endowed the Roman College of the Jesuits, later named the Gregorian University in his honor. He founded in Rome the Greek College (1577) and the English College (1579), and he gave support to other Jesuit institutions. Gregory also had a deep interest in other religious orders. He supported St. Teresa of Avila in her reform of the Carmelite order in Spain and gave encouragement to St. Philip Neri and approved his Oratorians in 1575.
Family.—The family status of a Roman citizen denotes his legal situation in a family, either as its head or as its member, subject to the power of the head. In the first case, he is the "father" of the family (pater jamilias) and independent (sui iuris), in the second, he is alieni iuris (dependent upon another's power). Changes in the family status of a person occurred when the father died and consequently all persons directly subject to his paternal power became sui iuris, or when a member of the family was freed from the family ties (a son by emancipation, a daughter by a marriage connected with her passing under the power of her husband).
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