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Viable Small Farms: Preservation of viable small farms, even they are worked only part-time, is increav ingly seen as important to tourism and to the wider enjoyment of the countryside. The traditional picture that many people have of farming and their knowledge of the countryside often come from small mixed farms on which they have stayed as summer guests. In the more difficult, if picturesque, environment of the mountains and uplands the disappearance of small farms could leave a depopulated wilderness. Year-round life is hard on such farms, however attractive they may seem in summer. Some countries have therefore introduced special schemes of financial assistance.
The economic changes that the colonization movement had the ef-of doing away with the need for coloniza-commerce and industry absorbed surplus don, and small farms were made profitable W intensive production of specJaJjzed crops. new commercial and industrial economy the decentralized organization charac-of the early Iron Age. Industry was in ids of small, independent owners, mostly in working in small shops and assisted by four or five slaves. Similarly, trade was in the hands of a large number of small, independent merchants and shipowners.
Although in the long run the commercial revolution laid the basis for the prosperity of small, intensively cultivated farms in the 5th century B. c., the immediate effects on the small farmer were disastrous. The general economic dislocation that accompanied the transition from subsistence to specialized farming caused an agricultural crisis, and the only solution offered by the new money economy was usury. The small farmers were forced to borrow on the Security not only of their lands, but also of their persons, and, as a result, large numbers were threatened with reduction to the status of sharecropping serfs.
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